Hammer and Chisel – Materials, Types and Uses in ITI Turner Trade

In the ITI Turner trade, hand tools play a vital role in performing various machining and fitting operations. Among these tools, the hammer and chisel are basic yet essential tools used for shaping, cutting, and finishing metal workpieces. The chapter “Hammer and Chisel – Materials, Types and Uses” provides detailed knowledge about these tools, their construction, types, and practical applications in workshop practice.

Introduction to Hammer and Chisel

A hammer is a striking tool used to deliver force to an object, while a chisel is a cutting tool used to remove material from a workpiece. Together, they are commonly used in metalworking operations such as cutting, chipping, and shaping.

In a Turner workshop, these tools are used for preparing workpieces, removing excess material, and performing minor adjustments during machining operations.

Material Used for Hammer

The hammer is generally made of high-quality carbon steel. The head of the hammer is hardened and tempered to withstand repeated impacts without breaking or deforming.

The handle of the hammer is usually made of wood, fiberglass, or steel. Wooden handles are commonly used because they absorb shock and provide a comfortable grip.

Properties of Hammer Material

• High strength to withstand impact
• Good hardness to prevent wear
• Toughness to avoid cracking
• Shock resistance for safe handling

Parts of a Hammer

A typical hammer consists of the following parts:

• Face: The striking surface used to hit objects
• Peen: The opposite end used for shaping metal
• Eye: The hole where the handle is fitted
• Handle: Used to hold and control the hammer

Types of Hammers

Different types of hammers are used in workshop operations depending on the application:

1. Ball Peen Hammer

This is the most commonly used hammer in metalworking. It has a flat face and a rounded peen. It is used for striking chisels, riveting, and shaping metal.

2. Cross Peen Hammer

This hammer has a wedge-shaped peen placed perpendicular to the handle. It is used for shaping metal in tight spaces.

3. Straight Peen Hammer

The peen is parallel to the handle. It is used for spreading metal in a particular direction.

4. Sledge Hammer

A heavy hammer used for heavy-duty work such as breaking metal or driving large chisels.

Uses of Hammer

Hammers are used in various workshop operations:

• Striking chisels and punches
• Shaping and forming metal
• Riveting operations
• Assembling and disassembling parts

Material Used for Chisel

Chisels are made of high carbon steel or alloy steel. The cutting edge is hardened and tempered to maintain sharpness and durability.

The body of the chisel is tough to absorb hammer blows without breaking.

Properties of Chisel Material

• High hardness at the cutting edge
• Toughness to resist shock
• Wear resistance
• Ability to retain sharpness

Parts of a Chisel

A chisel consists of the following parts:

• Cutting Edge: The sharp end used for cutting
• Body: The main portion held during use
• Head: The top part struck by a hammer

Types of Chisels

Chisels are classified based on their shape and application:

1. Flat Chisel

Used for general-purpose cutting and chipping of metal surfaces.

2. Cross Cut Chisel

Used for cutting grooves and slots in metal.

3. Round Nose Chisel

Used for cutting semicircular grooves and curved surfaces.

4. Diamond Point Chisel

Used for cleaning corners and making V-shaped grooves.

Uses of Chisel

Chisels are widely used in workshop operations:

• Cutting excess metal
• Removing burrs and rough edges
• Making grooves and slots
• Shaping metal surfaces

Safety Precautions While Using Hammer and Chisel

Safety is very important while using striking and cutting tools. The following precautions should be followed:

• Wear safety goggles to protect eyes
• Ensure hammer handle is properly fitted
• Do not use damaged or mushroomed chisels
• Hold the chisel firmly and strike accurately
• Keep fingers away from the striking area

Maintenance of Hammer and Chisel

Proper maintenance increases the life of tools and ensures safety:

• Keep tools clean and dry
• Grind and sharpen chisel edges regularly
• Remove mushroomed heads of chisels
• Store tools properly after use

Application in Turner Workshop

In the Turner trade, hammers and chisels are used for preparing workpieces before machining, removing excess material, and performing finishing operations. They are also used in maintenance and repair work.

Proper knowledge of these tools helps trainees perform tasks efficiently and safely.

Conclusion

Hammer and chisel are essential hand tools in the ITI Turner trade. Understanding their materials, types, and uses is important for performing various workshop operations.

By using the correct type of hammer and chisel and following safety precautions, workers can achieve better results and ensure safe working conditions.

In conclusion, these simple tools play a significant role in metalworking, and every Turner must be skilled in their proper use and maintenance.