Lubricant – Function, Types and Sources of Lubricants

In the ITI Turner trade, lubrication plays a vital role in maintaining machine efficiency and increasing the life of tools and equipment. Lubricants are used to reduce friction, wear, and heat generated during machining operations. This chapter explains the functions, types, and sources of lubricants in detail.

Introduction to Lubricants

A lubricant is a substance introduced between two moving surfaces to reduce friction and wear. It also helps in cooling and protecting machine parts from corrosion.

Functions of Lubricants

1. Reducing Friction

Lubricants form a thin film between moving parts, reducing direct contact and friction.

2. Reducing Wear

By minimizing friction, lubricants prevent wear and tear of machine components.

3. Cooling

Lubricants carry away heat generated during machining operations.

4. Preventing Corrosion

They protect metal surfaces from rust and corrosion.

5. Cleaning

Lubricants help remove dirt and metal particles from surfaces.

6. Sealing

They act as a seal between components to prevent leakage.

Types of Lubricants

1. Liquid Lubricants (Oils)

These are the most commonly used lubricants.

• Mineral oil
• Synthetic oil

2. Semi-Solid Lubricants (Grease)

Grease is thicker than oil and stays in place for longer periods.

• Used in bearings

3. Solid Lubricants

Used in extreme conditions where liquid lubricants cannot be used.

• Graphite
• Molybdenum disulfide

4. Emulsion Lubricants

Mixture of oil and water used in machining operations.

• Used as cutting fluids

Sources of Lubricants

1. Mineral Sources

Derived from crude oil.

• Petroleum-based oils

2. Animal Sources

Obtained from animal fats.

• Lard oil

3. Vegetable Sources

Derived from plants.

• Castor oil
• Rapeseed oil

4. Synthetic Sources

Manufactured chemically for specific applications.

• Silicone oils
• Polymer-based lubricants

Properties of Good Lubricant

• High viscosity index
• Good thermal stability
• Low volatility
• Corrosion resistance

Application in Turner Workshop

In the Turner trade, lubricants are used in lathe machines to reduce friction between moving parts and improve machining performance. Cutting fluids are used to cool and lubricate the cutting tool and workpiece.

Proper lubrication ensures smooth operation and long machine life.

Advantages of Lubrication

• Reduces wear and tear
• Improves efficiency
• Increases tool life

Precautions

• Use correct type of lubricant
• Maintain proper level
• Avoid contamination

Maintenance

• Regular inspection
• Replace when required
• Keep storage clean

Importance

• Ensures smooth operation
• Prevents machine failure
• Improves productivity

Conclusion

Lubricants are essential for reducing friction, wear, and heat in machining operations. Understanding their functions, types, and sources helps in selecting the right lubricant for different applications.

Proper lubrication ensures efficient and safe operation of machines.

In conclusion, effective use of lubricants is crucial for maintaining performance and durability in the ITI Turner trade.